daynamo/generator

concepts:

The generator moves an electric current, but does not create electric charge, which is already present in the conductive wire of its windings. It is somewhat analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create the water inside.
The construction of a dynamo is similar to that of an electric motor, and all common types of dynamos could work as motors.

terminology:

Mechanical

1)Rotor: The rotating part of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor.
2)Stator: The stationary part of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor.

Electrical

1)Armature: The power-producing component of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor. The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator.

2)Field: The magnetic field component of an alternator, generator, dynamo or motor. The field can be on either the rotor or the stator and can be either an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.

notes:
1)any AC generator can be called an alternator, but usually the word refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion
2)On small machines the magnetic field may be provided by a permanent magnet; larger machines have the magnetic field created by electromagnets
3)fraday built the first electromagnetic generator called the 'Faraday disc', a type of homopolar generator, using a copper disc rotating between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. It produced a small DC voltage, and large amounts of current
4) electrical phenomena:
Contact electrification — The phenomenon of electrification by contact. When two objects were touched together, sometimes the objects became spontaneously charged (οne negative charge, one positive charge).
Electroluminescence — The phenomenon where a material emits light in response to an electric current passed through it, or to a strong electric field.
Electrical conduction — The movement of electrically charged particles through transmission medium.
Electric shock — Physiological reaction of a biological organism to the passage of electric current through its body.
Ferroelectric effect — The phenomenon whereby certain ionic crystals may exhibit a spontaneous dipole moment.
Galvanic current — Direct Current or "continuous current"; The continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential.
Lightning — powerful natural electrostatic discharge produced during a thunderstorm. Lightning's abrupt electric discharge is accompanied by the emission of light.
Photoconductivity — The phenomenon in which a material becomes more conductive due to the absorption of electro-magnetic radiation such as visible light, ultraviolet light, or gamma radiation.
Photoelectric effect — Emission of electrons from a surface (usually metallic) upon exposure to, and absorption of, electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation).
Piezoelectric effect — Ability of certain crystals to generate a voltage in response to applied mechanical stress.
Pyroelectric effect — The potential created in certain materials when they are heated.
Static electricity — Class of phenomena involving the imbalanced charge present on an object, typically referring to charge with voltages of sufficient magnitude to produce visible attraction (e.g., static cling), repulsion, and sparks.
Sparks — Electrical breakdown of a medium which produces an ongoing plasma discharge, similar to the instant spark, resulting from a current flowing through normally nonconductive media such as air.
Telluric currents — Extremely low frequency electrical current that occurs naturally over large underground areas at or near the surface of the Earth.
Triboelectric effect — Type of contact electrification in which objects become electrically charged after coming into contact and are then separated.
Whistlers[1] — Very low frequency radio wave generated by lightning